Handling Input and Output in Python

Output with print()

Output: Displaying Information with print()

The print() function is your primary way to display text, numbers, calculations, and variables on the screen. Let us see a live, interactive example:

Welcome to the world of Python!
We are currently on planet: Earth

Customizing print() with sep and end

By default, print() separates multiple items with a space, and automatically starts a new line at the end of each print statement. You can customize this behavior using two optional parameters:

• sep: Changes the separator between multiple items (default is a single space).
• end: Changes what is printed at the very end of the line (default is a newline, which moves the cursor to the next line).

Let us see how they work in our interactive console:

one, two, three
This is the first part... and this is the second part.

Formatting Strings for Output

To build dynamic sentences combining text and variables, Python provides three popular formatting styles. F-strings are the modern standard and highly recommended.

Alice is a 30-year-old Data Scientist.
In 5 years, she will be 35 years old.

My name is Bob and I am 25 years old.

My name is Charlie and I am 42 years old.

Input with input()

Input: Getting Information with input()

The input() function pauses your program and waits for the user to type something in the console and hit Enter.

Let us see how it works! Run the code below and type your answers in the input box:

Handling Numeric Input

Because input() always gives you text, you cannot perform math operations on it directly. If you want to do arithmetic, you must explicitly convert (or “cast”) the text into a number using int() (for whole numbers) or float() (for decimals).

Let us try this in our interactive player:

Building a Calculator

Building a Simple Calculator

Let us combine everything we have learned: print(), input(), f-strings, conditional logic, and type conversion.

This complete calculator program is pre-loaded below. Hit “Run Code” and try entering different numbers and operations!